sábado, 4 de junio de 2011

Cómo instalar y usar KVM en Ubuntu 10.04 – Credito – Miami

Imagen del logo de KVM
KVM (Kernel virtual Machine) es una solución de virtualización completa para Linux en el hardware x86 con extensiones de virtualización (Intel VT oAMD-V).
Se pueden crear miles de máquinas virtuales de Linux, Windows, etc.
La lista completa deguest que fue probada pueden encontrarla en susitio oficial.
Cada máquina virtual tiene su propio hardware virtualizado como una tarjeta de red, disco, adaptador de gráficos, procesador, memoria ram, etc
KVM es software de código abierto y es una solución muy buena para nivel empresarial, o también para jugar un poco en nuestras casas.XD

Ahora no daremos más tantas vueltas y comenzaremos con la instalación de KVM.
Quiero aclarar que para este post haremos en la misma máquina (PC) los accesos a los guest, pero también se puede tener en una máquina (PC) como servidor de máquinas virtuales y se accede remotamente a ellas.

Lo primero que vamos a identificar es si nuestro procesador soporta KVM, los de Intel le llamanIntel-VT y los de AMD le llamanAMD-V. Con los nuevos procesadores que están en el mercado casi seguro que ya soportan virtualización por hardware.
La forma de identificarlos es distinta, para ver si tu procesador soporta virtualización por Kernel, vamos a buscar en las flags del procesador.
ParaIntel, escribimos en la consola:
grep --color vmx /proc/cpuinfo


Debe aparecer en rojo un montón de palabras, entre ellas, la palabravmx.
En el caso de AMD el procedimiento es similar. Escribimos en la consola:
grep --color svm /proc/cpuinfo


Debe aparecer en rojo un montón de palabras, entre ellas, la palabrasvm.
Si aparece en tu caso, puede instalar KVM, pero si no, sería mejor optar por una solución como VirtualBox porque seria lento.

Ahora instalaremos los paquetes necesarios, entramos en la consola y escribimos:
sudo aptitude install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst kvm


Para agregar al usuario que queremos que use la virtualización. En este caso usamos proyectosbeta pero pueden elegir cualquiera. Escribimos en la consola:
sudo adduser proyectosbeta libvirtd
sudo adduser proyectosbeta kvm


Sería bueno cargar el módulo por si las moscas:
Para Intel, escribimos en la consola:
sudo modprobe kvm-intel


Para AMD, escribimos en la consola:
sudo modprobe kvm-amd


Preparar la configuración de red para que los futurosguests tengan conectividad entre el host y los guest.
Entramos en la consola y escribimos:
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces


Les podria salir algo similar a lo siguiente:
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static

address 192.168.0.193
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1


Deberían de llegar a algo como lo siguiente:
auto br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.0.193
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.200
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_maxwait 5


Antes de crear una máquina virtual debe de reiniciar su sistema. Escribimos en la consola:
sudo reboot


Luego de reiniciar podemos continuar.
Creación de VM’s por línea de comando – virt-install:

Escribimos en la consola:
virt-install --connect=qemu:///system --name=debian6Prueba --ram=350 --vcpus=1 --check-cpu --os-type=linux --hvm --vnc --accelerate --disk=/home/proyectosbeta/debian6Prueba.img,size=8,sparse=true --cdrom=/media/Datos/Imagenes\ ISO/Linux/Debian/debian-6.0.1a-amd64-netinst.iso --network=bridge:br0


El significado de los parámetros:
name=debian6Prueba - El nombre que le vamos a dar a la VM
ram=350- La RAM que le vamos a asignar (se puede modificar posteriormente)
vcpus=1 - CPU’s virtuales que le vamos a asignar
check-cpu - Comprueba que el nº de CPU’s asignadas no exceda el del Host y si es así nos avisa
os-type=linux - Tipo de Sistema Operativo que vamos a instalar (linux o windows)
hvm - Que utilice full-virtualization. Si quisiésemos usar paravirtualizacion usaríamos la opción –paravirt
disk=/home/proyectosbeta/debian6Prueba.img,size=8,sparse=true - El disco que vamos a crear, size=8 el tamaño en GB, sparse=true que no reserve todo el espacio y que lo vaya asignando a medida que crece el disco (.img)
cdrom= cdrom=/media/Datos/Imagenes\ ISO/Linux/Debian/debian-6.0.1a-amd64-netinst.iso - La iso o el cd si está puesto y montado.
network=bridge:br0 - Que utilice como red el dispositivo bridge 'br0' para poder tener la red en el mismo rango que el host

Saldría algo como:
Empezando la instalación...
Creando archivo de almace 100% |=========================| 8.0 GB 00:00
Creando dominio... 0 B 00:00
No se ha podido conectar a una consola gráfica: no está instalado el virt-viewer. Por favor, instale el paquete "virt-viewer"-
La instalación del dominio continúa en progreso. Puede reconectarse a
la consola para completar el proceso de instalación.


Tal y como indica la instalación, empieza pero como no tenemos X, no puede mostrarnos el proceso.
Para poder solucionar esto, entramos a la consola y escribimos:
sudo aptitude install virt-viewer


Luego, volvemos a escribir en la consola:
sudo virt-viewer --connect qemu:///system debian6Prueba


Y nos saldrá esta imagen para que podamos instalar Debian 6 en nuestra máquina.
Imagen de Debian 6 instalando con KVM en Ubuntu 10.04

Al terminar de instalar el guest, entramos a la consola y escribimos:
virsh start debian6Prueba


Con lo anterior, iniciamos el guest.
Para acceder al guest, entramos a la consola y escribimos:
sudo virt-viewer --connect qemu:///system debian6Prueba


OBS:
Quiero aclarar que también se puede crear las máquinas virtuales utilizandoLVM.
Espero que lo disfruten y si tienen dudas pregunten nomas.XD

Fuente 1:Nueva era
Fuente 2:Gonzal Marcote | Open source, open mind
Fuente 3:El anhelo constante

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