martes, 18 de enero de 2011

Mitos y realidades entre 32 y 64 Bits (procesadores, sistemas operativos y software) – Lincoln – Dominios

Imagen de 32 y 64 bits
Este post realizo porque me parece sumamente importante explicar las diferencias entre unprocesador, sistemas operativo ysoftware de32 y64 bits. Recolecte de varios sitios, resumí y coloque desde mi punto de vista.

Procesadores de 32 y 64 bits:
Empecemos por lo más básico para entender que es eso de 32 y 64 bits.
Para hacerlo de una manera mundana para todo público, supongamos que un procesador de 32 bits es una carretera de cuatro carriles donde los autos (Datos) corren a 100 Km/h. Un procesador de 64 bits con esos mismos autos (Datos) correrían a la misma velocidad pero ahora en una autopista de ocho carriles, con lo que podrían transitar más autos(Datos) que en una carretera de sólo cuatro carriles.
Para los procesadores de 64 bits, esto significa que pueden trabajar el doble de información en el mismo ciclo de reloj (un hertz), pueden acceder a mayor capacidad de memoria y procesar archivos más grandes. Actualmente un procesador de 32 bits puede controlar un máximo de 4 GB de memoria RAM; mientras que un procesador de 64 bits tiene la capacidad de controlar 16 Exabytes de memoria RAM (16 mil millones de GB).
En cuanto a los cálculos matemáticos también habrá ventajas, ya que un procesador de 32 bits puede representar números desde 0 hasta 4,294,967,295; y uno de 64 bits incrementará la capacidad logrando que se puedan representar números desde 0 hasta 18,446744,073,709,551,615. Obviamente esto significa que las computadoras podrán hacer operaciones con cantidades mayores y que los cálculos con cantidades pequeñas sean más eficientes.
Las diferencias son bastante notables y sin duda contar con un procesador de 64 bits mejoraría nuestro trabajo, y tendríamos la posibilidad de poder trabajar con bastante memoria RAM.


Sistemas Operativos de 32 y 64 bits:
Para elegir un S.O. (Windows, Linux, , etc) debemos de tener varias cosas en cuenta:
  1. Para instalar una version de 64 bits en nuestra computadora debemos contar con un procesador de 64 bits o de lo contrario no podremos instalarlo.
  2. Las versiones de 32 bits se puede instalar con cualquier tipo de procesador ya sea de 32 o 64 bits.
  3. Si instalamos una version de 32 bits en un computador con procesador de 64 estaremos desaprovechando las ventajas que dicho procesador trae, ya que para sacarle todo su potencial es necesario tener un sistema de 64 bits instalado.
  4. Los sistemas operativos de 64 bits son más utilizados a nivel profesion donde se requiere realmente todo el potencial de la maquina, ademas muchos sistemas de 64 bits presentan incompatibilidad gran cantidad de software.

Software de 32 y 64 bits:
Cuando debemos escoger entre software de 32 y 64 bits lo primero y más importante a tener en cuenta es que tipo de Sistema Operativo tenemos instalado (32 o 64 bits) para así respectivamente seleccionar el software a instalar.
Muchos sistemas de 64 bits presentan incompatibilidad al instalarle software de 32 bits, por eso se recomienda instalarle solo versiones de 64 bits para un mejor rendimiento y evitar problemas, aunque los sistemas actuales ya vienen con muchas mejoras para evitar esto.
OBS:
Si tienen procesador y sistema operativo de 64 bits, entonces traten de encontrar sobre de 64 bits.


Resumen y conclusión:
Un equipo de 64 bits puede procesar el doble de información que un equipo de 32 bits y puede disponer de una mayor memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM). Esto convierte a un equipo de 64 bits en una buena elección si trabaja con vídeo, búsquedas en bases de datos grandes o juegos y otros programas que requieren cálculos complejos y mucha memoria. No obstante, un equipo de 32 bits funciona muy bien para la mayoría de los programas. Por ejemplo, los programas de hojas de cálculo, los exploradores web y los programas de procesamiento de texto se ejecutarán aproximadamente a la misma velocidad en un equipo de 32 ó 64 bits.

Los programas que se ejecutan en versiones de 64 bits tienen un mejor rendimiento son:
  • Software de diseño asistido por ordenador (CAD).
  • Programas de edición de imágenes y vídeos.
  • Juegos y otros programas que requieren cálculos complejos.
  • Programas que tienen acceso a grandes bases de datos o que trabajan con ellas.
  • Programas de grabación y análisis de vídeo que guardan grandes cantidades de datos en la memoria.
Imagen: Gogasoft
Fuente 1:Maestro de la Computación
Fuente 2:Microsoft

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